1. Kusintha ndi chiyani?
Kusinthana, kusinthana kumagwirizana ndi zosowa za kufalitsa chidziwitso, chidziwitso chomwe chiyenera kuperekedwa ndi bukhuli kapena zipangizo ku njira yofanana kuti ikwaniritse zofunikira. Broad switch switch ndi mtundu wa chipangizo chomwe chimamaliza ntchito yosinthira zidziwitso munjira yolumikizirana. Njirayi ndikusinthana kochita kupanga. Zachidziwikire, tsopano talengeza kale masiwichi oyendetsedwa ndi pulogalamu, kusinthana kumangochitika zokha. Mu makina apakompyuta, lingaliro la kusinthanitsa ndikusintha kwa magwiridwe antchito omwe amagawana nawo. Tayambitsa hub hub ndi mtundu wa zida zogawana, HUB palokha sangathe kuzindikira adilesi, pomwe LAN yemweyo ku B host data, mapaketi a data mumaneti amawulutsidwa, ndi terminal iliyonse, kudzera mu chidziwitso cha adilesi ya Baotou. kudziwa ngati angalandire. Izi zikutanthauza kuti, mwa njira iyi yogwirira ntchito, mafelemu amodzi okha a data amatha kufalitsidwa pa intaneti nthawi imodzi, ndipo ngati pali kugunda, muyenera kuyesanso. Njira iyi ndikugawana bandwidth ya netiweki. Kusintha kuli ndi mabasi obwerera kumbuyo kwambiri komanso matrix osinthira mkati. Madoko onse osinthira amalumikizidwa ndi basi yakumbuyo. Pambuyo poyang'anira dera lalandira paketiyo, doko lokonzekera lidzapeza tebulo lowongolera ma adilesi kukumbukira kuti mudziwe NIC (network card) ya MAC (hardware adiresi ya khadi la intaneti) kupita ku doko lopita ku doko lopitako, kusinthanitsa mwayi. kuti "phunzirani" adilesi yatsopano ndikuyiwonjezera ku tebulo lamkati. Kusinthana ndi kusinthana kunachokera ku makina olankhulana ndi telefoni (PSTN), tsopano tikutha kuwona mu kanema wakale: wamkulu (wogwiritsa ntchito foni) adanyamula maikolofoni kuti agwedezeke, ofesi ndi mzere wa makina onse a waya, atavala mayitanidwe am'mutu. kulandira zofunika kugwirizana, ikani ulusi potuluka lolingana, kukhazikitsa kugwirizana kwa awiri kasitomala mapeto, mpaka mapeto a kuitana. Izi zithanso "kugawa" maukonde, pomwe kusinthaku kumangolola magalimoto ofunikira pa intaneti kudzera pa switch. Kupyolera mu kusefa ndi kutumiza ma switch, imatha kusiyanitsa bwino mphepo yamkuntho, kuchepetsa kupezeka kwa mapaketi abodza ndi mapaketi olakwika, ndikupewa mikangano yogawana nawo. Kusinthaku kumatha kusamutsa deta pakati pa ma doko angapo nthawi imodzi. Doko lirilonse likhoza kuonedwa ngati gawo lapadera la intaneti, ndipo chipangizo cha intaneti cholumikizidwa ndi icho chokha chimasangalala ndi bandwidth yonse, popanda kupikisana ndi zipangizo zina. Node A ikatumiza deta ku node D, node B ikhoza kutumiza deta ku node C nthawi yomweyo, ndipo maulendo onsewa amasangalala ndi bandwidth yonse ya intaneti ndipo amakhala ndi maulumikizidwe awo enieni. Ngati kusintha kwa 10Mbps Ethernet kukugwiritsidwa ntchito pano, kufalikira kwa kusinthaku kuli kofanana ndi 210Mbps = 20Mbps, ndi kugwiritsa ntchito HUB yogawidwa ya 10Mbps, kufalikira kwa HUB sikudzapitirira 10Mbps. Mwachidule, chosinthira ndi chipangizo cha netiweki chozikidwa pa chizindikiritso cha adilesi ya MAC ndipo chimatha kumaliza ntchito yoyika ndi kutumiza mapaketi a data. Kusintha kumatha"
2. Kodi switch ndi ntchito yotani?
"Kusinthanitsa" ndi mawu omwe amapezeka kwambiri pa intaneti masiku ano, kuchokera panjira yopita ku ATM kupita ku foni yam'manja, angagwiritsidwe ntchito, osati kwenikweni kusinthanitsa kwenikweni. M’malo mwake, mawu akuti kusinthanitsa anaonekera koyamba m’matelefoni, kutanthauza kusinthana kwa mawu pakati pa mafoni aŵiri osiyana, ndipo chipangizo chimene chimamaliza ntchitoyo ndi chosinthira mafoni. Chifukwa chake, monga momwe adafunira poyamba, kusinthanitsa ndi lingaliro laukadaulo chabe, ndiye kuti, kumaliza kutumiza chizindikiro kuchokera pachipata cha chipangizocho potuluka. Choncho, zipangizo zonse malinga ndi momwe zilili ndikukumana ndi tanthauzo zikhoza kutchedwa zipangizo zosinthira. Chifukwa chake, "kusinthanitsa" ndi liwu lalikulu lomwe limatanthawuza kwenikweni chipangizo cholumikizira pomwe chimagwiritsidwa ntchito kufotokoza gawo lachiwiri la netiweki ya data, ndi chipangizo chowongolera chikagwiritsidwa ntchito pofotokoza chipangizo chachitatu cha netiweki ya data. . Kusintha kwa Efaneti komwe timalankhula nthawi zambiri kumakhala kachipangizo kakang'ono ka ma doko achiwiri otengera ukadaulo wa mlatho, womwe umapereka latency yotsika komanso mwayi wocheperako wotumizira mafelemu a data kuchokera kudoko lina kupita ku lina. Chifukwa chake, payenera kukhala masinthidwe osinthira mkati mwapakati pa chosinthira chomwe chimapereka njira yolumikizirana pakati pa madoko aliwonse awiri, kapena basi yosinthira mwachangu kutumiza mafelemu a data omwe amalandilidwa ndi doko lililonse kuchokera kumadoko ena. Pazida zothandiza, ntchito ya matrix osinthira nthawi zambiri imamalizidwa ndi chipangizo chapadera (ASIC). Komanso, ethernet kusinthana mu lingaliro kamangidwe ali ndi lingaliro lofunika, ndicho kusinthana kwa liwiro pachimake ndi mofulumira kwambiri, kotero kuti kawirikawiri deta yaikulu magalimoto sadzapanga kusokonekera kwake, mwa kuyankhula kwina, luso kusinthanitsa wachibale ndi zambiri ndi. zopanda malire (m'malo mwake, kusintha kwa ATM mu lingaliro la mapangidwe ndiloti, mphamvu yosinthanitsa ya wachibale ndi chidziwitso ndi yochepa). Ngakhale kusintha kwa ethernet tier 2 kumachokera pa mlatho wamitundu yambiri, kusintha kuli ndi zinthu zambiri, zomwe sizili njira yabwino yopezera bandwidth, komanso kumapangitsa kuti intaneti ikhale yosavuta kuyendetsa.
3 Ntchito yosinthira
Monga chida chachikulu cholumikizira cha LAN, kusintha kwa Ethernet kwakhala chimodzi mwazinthu zodziwika bwino zama network. Ndikukula kosalekeza kwaukadaulo wosinthira, mtengo wa Ethernet switch watsika kwambiri, ndipo kusinthana ndi desktop kwakhala kofala. Ngati Ethernet yanu ili ndi ogwiritsa ntchito ambiri, mapulogalamu otanganidwa, ndi ma seva osiyanasiyana, ndipo simunasinthe makonzedwe ake, ntchito yonse ya intaneti ikhoza kukhala yochepa kwambiri. Njira imodzi ndikuwonjezera kusintha kwa 10 / 100Mbps kupita ku Efaneti, komwe sikungathe kungoyendetsa mitsinje ya data ya Efaneti pa 10Mbps, komanso kuthandizira kulumikizana mwachangu kwa Efaneti pa 100Mbps. Ngati kugwiritsa ntchito ma netiweki kupitilira 40% ndipo kugundana kuli kwakukulu kuposa 10%, kusinthaku kungakuthandizeni kuthetsa pang'ono. Masinthidwe okhala ndi 100Mbps mwachangu Efaneti ndi madoko 10Mbps Efaneti amatha kuyenda mowirikiza, ndi kulumikizana kodzipereka kwa 20Mbps mpaka 200Mbps kukhazikitsidwa. Sikuti ntchito za masinthidwe ndizosiyana m'malo osiyanasiyana amtaneti, komanso zotsatira za kuwonjezera masiwichi atsopano ndi masinthidwe omwe alipo pamaneti amodzi. Kumvetsetsa bwino komanso kudziwa momwe magalimoto amayendera pa intaneti ndichinthu chofunikira kwambiri kuti mutenge gawo losinthira. Chifukwa cholinga cha ntchito lophimba ndi mmene ndingathere kuchepetsa ndi zosefera otaya deta mu maukonde, kotero ngati lophimba mu maukonde chifukwa zosayenera unsembe malo, pafupifupi ayenera kutumiza mapaketi onse analandira, lophimba sangathe kuchita mbali ya kukhathamiritsa magwiridwe antchito a netiweki, koma kumachepetsa kuthamanga kwa data, kumawonjezera kuchedwa kwa maukonde. Kuphatikiza pa malo oyikapo, zitha kukhalanso ndi vuto ngati masiwichi amawonjezedwa mwachimbulimbuli mumanetiweki okhala ndi katundu wochepa komanso chidziwitso chochepa. Kutengera nthawi yokonza paketiyo, kukula kwa buffer kwa switch komanso kufunikira kokonzanso mapaketi atsopano, kugwiritsa ntchito HUB yosavuta kuli bwino pankhaniyi. Choncho, sitingaganize kuti masiwichi ali ndi ubwino pa HUB, makamaka pamene maukonde a wosuta sakhala odzaza ndipo pali malo ambiri omwe alipo, kugwiritsa ntchito HUB kungagwiritse ntchito mokwanira zinthu zomwe zilipo pa intaneti.
4. Njira zitatu zosinthira zosinthira
1. Mtundu wowongoka (Dulani)
Kusintha kwa Ethernet mumayendedwe olunjika kumatha kumveka ngati chingwe cholumikizira foni pakati pa madoko. Doko lolowetsamo likazindikira phukusi la data, limayang'ana mutu wa phukusi, limapeza adilesi yomwe mukufuna, imayambitsa tebulo lofufuzira lamkati kuti lisinthe kukhala doko lofananira, ndikulumikiza pamzere wa zolowetsa ndi zotuluka, ndi imalumikiza paketi ya data ku doko lofananira kuti izindikire ntchito yosinthira. Popanda kusungirako kofunika, kuchedwa kumakhala kochepa kwambiri ndipo kusinthanitsa kumathamanga kwambiri, zomwe ndizopindulitsa. Choyipa ndichakuti chifukwa zomwe zapaketi sizikusungidwa ndi chosinthira cha Ethernet, sizingayang'ane ngati mapaketi opatsirana ndi olakwika ndipo sangapereke kuthekera kozindikira zolakwika. Popeza palibe cache, madoko olowera / otulutsa okhala ndi mitengo yosiyana sangathe kulumikizidwa mwachindunji komanso mosavuta kutaya mapaketi.
2. Kusunga ndi kutumiza (Sitolo & Patsogolo)
Kusungirako ndi kutumiza njira ndiyo njira yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri pamakompyuta apakompyuta. Imasunga mapaketi a doko lolowera kaye, kenako imayang'ana CRC (cyclic redundancy code check). Pambuyo pokonza paketi yolakwika, adilesi yomwe mukufuna ya paketiyo imachotsedwa, ndikutumiza paketiyo padoko lotulutsa kudzera patebulo losakira. Chifukwa cha izi, njira yosungiramo ndi yotumizira imakhala ndi kuchedwa kwakukulu pakukonza deta, komwe ndi kuperewera kwake, koma imatha kuzindikira mapaketi a data omwe akulowa mu switch ndikuwongolera bwino maukonde. Makamaka, imatha kuthandizira kutembenuka pakati pa madoko pamayendedwe osiyanasiyana, kusunga kulumikizana pakati pa madoko othamanga kwambiri ndi madoko otsika.
3. Kudzipatula kwa zidutswa (Zidutswa Zaulere)
Ili ndi yankho penapake pakati ndi ziwiri zoyambirira. Imawunika ngati paketiyo ndi 64 byte, ndipo ngati ili yochepera 64 byte, ndi yabodza; ngati ili oposa 64 byte, paketi imatumizidwa. Njira iyinso sipereka chitsimikizo cha deta. Kuthamanga kwake kwa deta kumathamanga kwambiri kuposa momwe amasungirako ndi kutumiza, koma pang'onopang'ono kusiyana ndi njira yowongoka.
5 Kusintha kagulu
Mwachidule, masiwichi amagawidwa m'mitundu iwiri: switch ya WAN ndi LAN switch. Ma switch a WAN amagwiritsidwa ntchito makamaka panjira yolumikizirana, kupereka nsanja yoyambira yolumikizirana. Ndipo ma switch a LAN amagwiritsidwa ntchito pamanetiweki amderali kuti alumikizane ndi zida zolumikizira, monga ma PC ndi osindikiza a netiweki. Kuchokera pa sing'anga kufala ndi liwiro kufala akhoza kugawidwa Efaneti lophimba, mofulumira Efaneti lophimba, Gigabit Efaneti lophimba, FDDI lophimba, ATM lophimba ndi chizindikiro mphete lophimba. Kuchokera pakugwiritsa ntchito sikelo, itha kugawidwa mukusintha kwabizinesi, kusintha kwa dipatimenti ndikusintha kwamagulu ogwira ntchito. Kukula kwa wopanga aliyense sikufanana kwathunthu. Nthawi zambiri, masinthidwe amabizinesi ndi mtundu wa rack, pomwe masinthidwe a dipatimenti amatha kukhala mtundu wa rack (chiwerengero chochepa) kapena mtundu wokhazikika, pomwe masiwichi amagulu ogwira ntchito amakhala mtundu wokhazikika wokhazikika (ntchito yosavuta). Kumbali ina, malinga ndi kuchuluka kwa ntchito, monga masinthidwe am'mbuyo, ma switch amabizinesi akulu okhala ndi chidziwitso chopitilira 500 ndi masiwichi amabizinesi, mabizinesi apakatikati omwe ali pansi pazidziwitso za 300 ndi masiwichi am'madipatimenti, ndikusintha mkati mwa zidziwitso 100. mfundo ndi masiwichi amagulu ogwira ntchito.
6 Kusintha ntchito
Ntchito zazikulu za kusinthaku zikuphatikizapo
Malo enieni
Network topology kapangidwe
cheke cholakwika
Mndandanda wa mafelemu komanso kayendetsedwe ka kayendedwe kake
VLAN (virtual LAN)
Kugwirizana kwa mgwirizano
firewall
Kuphatikiza pa kutha kulumikizana ndi maukonde amtundu womwewo, ma switch amathanso kulumikizana pakati pa mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya maukonde (monga Ethernet ndi Fast Ethernet). Zosintha zambiri masiku ano zimatha kupereka ma doko olumikizana othamanga kwambiri omwe amathandizira Ethernet kapena FDDI mwachangu, ndi zina zambiri, kuti alumikizane ndi masinthidwe ena pamaneti kapena kupereka bandwidth yowonjezera kwa ma seva ovuta omwe ali ndi ntchito yayikulu ya bandwidth. Ambiri, aliyense doko la lophimba ntchito kulumikiza osiyana maukonde gawo, koma nthawi zina kupereka mofulumira kupeza liwiro, tikhoza kulumikiza makompyuta ena zofunika maukonde mwachindunji lophimba doko. Mwanjira iyi, ma seva ofunikira ndi ogwiritsa ntchito makiyi ochezera pa intaneti adzakhala ndi liwiro lofikira mwachangu ndikuthandizira kuchuluka kwazambiri.
Zambiri zaife
Sinthani gulu la zolakwika:
Kusintha zolakwika kumatha kugawidwa kukhala zolakwika za Hardware ndi zolakwika zamapulogalamu. Hardware kulephera makamaka amatanthauza kulephera kwa magetsi lophimba, backplane, gawo, doko ndi zigawo zina, amene akhoza kugawidwa m'magulu otsatirawa.
(1) Kulephera kwamphamvu:
magetsi awonongeka kapena fani imayima chifukwa cha magetsi osakhazikika akunja, kapena chingwe chamagetsi okalamba, magetsi osasunthika kapena kugunda kwa mphezi, kotero sizingagwire ntchito bwino. Kuwonongeka kwa mbali zina za makina chifukwa cha mphamvu zamagetsi nthawi zambiri kumachitika. Poganizira zolakwa zotere, choyamba tiyenera kuchita ntchito yabwino ya magetsi akunja, kuyambitsa zingwe zamagetsi zodziyimira pawokha kuti zipereke magetsi odziyimira pawokha, ndikuwonjezera chowongolera magetsi kuti tipewe kutsika kwamagetsi nthawi yomweyo kapena kutsika kwamagetsi. Nthawi zambiri, pali njira ziwiri zoperekera mphamvu zamagetsi, koma chifukwa cha zifukwa zosiyanasiyana, ndizosatheka kupereka mphamvu ziwiri pa switch iliyonse. UPS (magetsi osasunthika) amatha kuwonjezeredwa kuti awonetsetse kuti magetsi azikhala bwino, ndipo ndi bwino kugwiritsa ntchito UPS yomwe imapereka ntchito yokhazikika yamagetsi. Kuphatikiza apo, njira zotetezera mphezi ziyenera kukhazikitsidwa m'chipinda cha makina kuti mupewe kuwonongeka kwa mphezi pa switch.
(2) Kulephera kwa madoko:
uku ndi kulephera wamba hardware, kaya CHIKWANGWANI doko kapena zopindika awiri RJ-45 doko, ayenera kusamala pamene pulagi ndi plugging cholumikizira. Ngati pulagi ya CHIKWANGWANI idadetsedwa mwangozi, imatha kuwononga doko la CHIKWANGWANI ndipo sangathe kulumikizana bwino. Nthawi zambiri timawona anthu ambiri amakonda kukhala ndi pulagi cholumikizira, mu chiphunzitso, ndi bwino, koma mosadziwa kumawonjezera zochitika za kulephera doko. Kusamalira panthawi yosamalira kungayambitsenso kuwonongeka kwa thupi padoko. Ngati kukula kwa mutu wa kristalo ndi waukulu, ndizosavuta kuwononga doko pakuyika chosinthira. Kuonjezera apo, ngati gawo la awiri opotoka omwe amamangiriridwa pa doko akuwonekera kunja, ngati chingwe chikawombedwa ndi mphezi, chingwe chosinthira chidzawonongeka kapena kuwononga kwambiri kosayembekezereka. Kawirikawiri, kulephera kwa doko ndiko kuwonongeka kwa madoko amodzi kapena angapo. Choncho, pambuyo kuchotsa cholakwika kompyuta olumikizidwa kwa doko, mukhoza m'malo doko chikugwirizana kuti aweruze ngati kuonongeka. Pakulephera kotereku, yeretsani doko ndi mpira wa thonje wa mowa mutatha mphamvu kuzimitsidwa. Ngati doko lawonongekadi, dokolo lidzasinthidwa.
(3) Kulephera kwa module:
kusinthaku kumapangidwa ndi ma modules ambiri, monga stacking module, module management (yomwe imadziwikanso kuti control module), gawo lokulitsa, ndi zina zotero. Kuthekera kwa kulephera kwa ma modules ndi kochepa kwambiri, koma pakakhala vuto, iwo adzatha. kuonongeka kwakukulu pazachuma. Kulephera kotereku kumatha kuchitika ngati gawoli likulumikizidwa mwangozi, kapena chosinthira chikuwombana, kapena magetsi sakhazikika. Zoonadi, ma modules atatu omwe atchulidwa pamwambapa onse ali ndi mawonekedwe akunja, omwe ndi osavuta kuzindikira, ndipo ena amathanso kuzindikira cholakwikacho kudzera mu kuwala kowonetsera pa module. Mwachitsanzo, gawo lokhazikika lili ndi doko la trapezoidal lathyathyathya, kapena masiwichi ena amakhala ndi mawonekedwe a USB. Pali doko la CONSOLE pa gawo loyang'anira kuti mulumikizane ndi kompyuta yoyang'anira maukonde kuti muzitha kuyang'anira mosavuta. Ngati gawo lokulitsa lili ndi ulusi wolumikizidwa, pali mawonekedwe awiri a ulusi. Mukathetsa zolakwa zotere, choyamba onetsetsani kuti magetsi akusintha ndi gawo, kenako fufuzani ngati gawo lililonse layikidwa pamalo oyenera, ndipo potsiriza onani ngati chingwe cholumikiza gawolo ndi chachilendo. Pogwirizanitsa gawo la kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe kake Mukalumikiza gawo lokulitsa, muyenera kuyang'ana ngati likufanana ndi njira yolumikizirana, monga kugwiritsa ntchito mawonekedwe aduplex kapena theka-duplex. Zoonadi, ngati zatsimikiziridwa kuti gawoli ndi lolakwika, pali yankho limodzi lokha, ndiko kuti, muyenera kulankhulana ndi wothandizira kuti musinthe.
(4) Kulephera kwa ndege:
gawo lililonse la switch limalumikizidwa ndi backplane. Ngati chilengedwe ndi chonyowa, bolodi la dera ndi lonyowa komanso lalifupi, kapena zigawozo zimawonongeka chifukwa cha kutentha kwakukulu, kugunda kwa mphezi ndi zinthu zina zidzachititsa kuti gululo silingagwire ntchito bwino. Mwachitsanzo, kuchepa kwa kutentha kwapang'onopang'ono kapena kutentha kozungulira kumakhala kokwera kwambiri, zomwe zimapangitsa kutentha kwa makina, kulamula kuti zigawozo ziwotche. Pankhani ya mphamvu yakunja yakunja, ngati ma modules amkati akusinthana sangagwire ntchito bwino, zitha kukhala kuti ndege yakumbuyo yasweka, pakadali pano, njira yokhayo ndikusintha kumbuyo. Koma pambuyo pakusintha kwa hardware, mbale yozungulira ya dzina lomwelo ikhoza kukhala ndi mitundu yosiyanasiyana. Kawirikawiri, ntchito za bolodi latsopano la dera zidzagwirizana ndi ntchito za bolodi lakale la dera. Koma ntchito ya bolodi lachitsanzo lachikale siligwirizana ndi ntchito ya bolodi yatsopano.
(5) Kulephera kwa chingwe:
jumper yolumikiza chingwe ndi chimango chogawa chimagwiritsidwa ntchito kugwirizanitsa ma modules, ma racks ndi zipangizo. Ngati dera lalifupi, dera lotseguka kapena kugwirizana kwabodza kumachitika pachimake cha chingwe kapena jumper mu zingwe zolumikizira izi, kulephera kwa njira yolumikizirana kudzapanga. Kuchokera pamalingaliro apamwamba a zolakwika zingapo za hardware, malo osauka a chipinda cha makina n'chosavuta kutsogolera ku zolephera zosiyanasiyana za hardware, kotero pomanga chipinda cha makina, chipatala chiyenera choyamba kuchita ntchito yabwino ya chitetezo cha mphezi pansi, magetsi, kutentha m'nyumba, chinyezi chamkati, kusokoneza kwa anti-electromagnetic, anti-static ndi zina zomanga zachilengedwe, kuti apereke malo abwino ogwirira ntchito yanthawi zonse pazida zapaintaneti.
Kulephera kwa pulogalamu yosinthira:
Kulephera kwa mapulogalamu a switch kumatanthawuza dongosolo ndi kulephera kwake kasinthidwe, zomwe zingagawidwe m'magulu otsatirawa.
(1) cholakwika cha dongosolo:
Pulogalamu BUG: Pali zolakwika pamapulogalamu apulogalamu. Makina osinthira ndi kuphatikiza kwa hardware ndi mapulogalamu. Mkati mwa switch, pali kukumbukira kotsitsimula kowerengera komwe kamakhala ndi pulogalamu yofunikira pakusintha uku. Chifukwa cha mapangidwe pa nthawi imeneyo, pali zipata zina, pamene mikhalidwe ili yoyenera, izo zidzatsogolera kusinthana katundu, kutaya thumba, thumba zolakwika ndi zina. Pazovuta zotere, tiyenera kukhala ndi chizolowezi chosakatula mawebusayiti a opanga zida. Ngati pali dongosolo latsopano kapena chigamba chatsopano, chonde sinthani munthawi yake.
(2) Kusintha kolakwika:
Chifukwa pamasinthidwe osiyanasiyana, oyang'anira maukonde nthawi zambiri amakhala ndi zolakwika zosintha akasintha. Zolakwa zazikuluzikulu ndi izi: 1. Zolakwika zadongosolo ladongosolo: deta yadongosolo, kuphatikizapo kukhazikitsa mapulogalamu, imagwiritsidwa ntchito kufotokozera dongosolo lonse. Ngati deta ya dongosolo ili yolakwika, idzachititsanso kulephera kwathunthu kwa dongosololi, ndipo imakhala ndi zotsatira pa ofesi yonse yosinthanitsa.2. Kulakwitsa kwa data ya Bureau: Zambiri zaofesi zimatanthauzidwa molingana ndi momwe zinthu zilili paofesi yosinthira. Pamene deta yaulamuliro ili yolakwika, idzakhudzanso ofesi yonse yosinthanitsa.3. Kulakwitsa kwa data ya ogwiritsa ntchito: Zomwe zili patsamba la wogwiritsa ntchito zimatanthauzira momwe aliyense alili. Ngati deta yogwiritsira ntchito ikuyikidwa molakwika, idzakhudza munthu wina wogwiritsa ntchito.4, kukhazikitsidwa kwa hardware sikuli koyenera: kukhazikitsidwa kwa hardware ndiko kuchepetsa mtundu wa bolodi la dera, ndi gulu kapena magulu angapo a switches akhazikitsidwa. bolodi la dera, kufotokozera momwe ntchito ya chigawochi ikugwirira ntchito kapena malo omwe ali m'dongosolo, ngati hardware siyinakhazikitsidwe bwino, idzatsogolera gululo silikuyenda bwino. Kulephera kotereku nthawi zina kumakhala kovuta kupeza, kumafunika kudzikundikira zinazake. Ngati simungathe kudziwa ngati pali vuto ndi kasinthidwe, bwezeretsani kusinthidwa kosasintha kwa fakitale ndiyeno sitepe ndi sitepe. Ndi bwino kuwerenga malangizo pamaso kasinthidwe.
(3) Zinthu zakunja:
Chifukwa cha kukhalapo kwa ma virus kapena hacker kuukira, ndizotheka kuti wolandila angatumize mapaketi ambiri omwe sagwirizana ndi malamulo a encapsulation ku doko lolumikizidwa, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti purosesa yosinthira imakhala yotanganidwa kwambiri, zomwe zimapangitsa mapaketi mochedwa kwambiri. kupititsa patsogolo, motero kumabweretsa kutayikira kwa buffer ndi kutayika kwa paketi. Mlandu wina ndi mphepo yamkuntho yowulutsa, yomwe sikuti imangotenga ma bandwidth ambiri, komanso imatenga nthawi yambiri yokonza CPU. Ngati maukonde otanganidwa ndi ambiri mapaketi kuwulutsa deta kwa nthawi yaitali, yachibadwa mfundo mpaka mfundo kulankhulana sizidzachitika bwinobwino, ndipo liwiro la maukonde m'mbuyo kapena kupuwala.
Mwachidule, kulephera kwa mapulogalamu kuyenera kukhala kovuta kupeza kuposa kulephera kwa hardware. Pothetsa vutoli, sizingafunikire kuwononga ndalama zambiri, koma zimafunika nthawi yochulukirapo. Woyang'anira ma netiweki akuyenera kukhala ndi chizolowezi chosunga zipika pa ntchito yawo ya tsiku ndi tsiku. Nthawi zonse pamene cholakwika chikachitika, lembani cholakwacho munthawi yake, kusanthula zolakwika, njira yothetsera vuto, chidule cha gulu lazolakwa ndi ntchito zina, kuti apeze zomwe akumana nazo. Pambuyo pothetsa vuto lililonse, tidzaonanso bwinobwino gwero la vutolo ndi yankho lake. Mwanjira imeneyi titha kudzikonza tokha nthawi zonse ndikumaliza bwino ntchito yofunika yoyang'anira maukonde.
Nthawi yotumiza: May-15-2024